What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder. About 10 million Americans are likely to have hypothyroidism, and millions of people are estimated to be living without knowing they have it.¹

Spreading awareness about hypothyroidism, its symptoms, and its severity can allow more people to seek out a diagnosis and receive treatment to prevent further health issues.

Here are some facts about hypothyroidism as well as what causes hypothyroidism. We also share some common symptoms of hypothyroidism along with some of the treatment options doctors may discuss with their patients.

Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland. A person with hypothyroidism has a thyroid gland that does not make enough thyroid hormone on its own to keep the body functioning properly.²

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the lower front area of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones that are secreted into the blood, which are then carried to tissues throughout the body. The thyroid hormone plays multiple roles in the body:

Helps the body use energy
Helps the body stay warm
Keeps the brain, heart, and muscles functioning properly

What Causes Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism can sometimes be inherited. Hypothyroidism can also be caused by another health condition, such as:

Autoimmune disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. With an autoimmune disorder, the immune system starts to attack itself and produces antibodies that fight against the thyroid gland.³
Secondary hypothyroidism is another cause. Secondary hypothyroidism causes the pituitary gland to stop working, and the thyroid loses its signals to make thyroid hormone.

Who is at risk?

Certain factors may put you more at risk for developing hypothyroidism.⁴

Being a woman
Being older than 60 years of age
Having a history of thyroid disease
History of thyroid problems
Receiving radiation treatment to the thyroid, neck, or chest
Being pregnant in the last 6 months

Other health conditions including lupus, diabetes, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis can cause the thyroid to be underactive and lead to hypothyroidism.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism include⁵:

Fatigue
Sensitivity to cold
Dry skin
Weight gain
Constipation
Muscle weakness
Muscle aches
Irregular menstrual cycles
Thinning hair
Slowed heart rate
Memory problems
Depression

Keep in mind that hypothyroidism symptoms tend to develop slowly over the years. Additionally, hypothyroidism shares similar symptoms to many other health conditions. If you suspect that you may have hypothyroidism, talk to your doctor to receive a proper test.

Treatment for Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism can be life-threatening if left untreated. Without treatment, the symptoms can become more severe and include:

Mental health problems
Difficulty breathing
Heart problems
Inability to maintain a normal body temperature

Once someone is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, a doctor will work to help them manage the disorder. Hypothyroidism is usually treated by replacing the amount of hormone that the thyroid is not making.⁶

Medications, such as levothyroxine, are needed to increase the amount of thyroid hormone the body produces and help even out hormone levels. Hypothyroidism is a life-long condition that will have to be managed daily. You should listen to your doctor’s prescription instructions and follow the labels on any medication you may receive as treatment.

Learn More Today

Take the time to learn more about hypothyroidism and how it affects the body. If you experience any symptoms related to hypothyroidism, or another thyroid disorder, talk with your doctor today.

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Saber Healthcare is an organization dedicated to providing consultant services to long-term care providers. This article is for informational purposes and is not meant to be seen as professional advice. Please consult with a medical expert before relying on the information provided.

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Hypothyroidism: Causes and Symptoms